Perry Garfinkel: Experimenting with Becoming Gandhi

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February 6, 2024

Perry Garfinkel: Experimenting with Becoming Gandhi

Perry Garfinkel February 6, 2024

In a confessional reflection on writing his new book, Becoming Gandhi, acclaimed journalist and bestselling author Perry Garfinkel says, “It was so difficult I almost gave up twice. I thought, ‘I can’t write this book. It’s too big a subject. Who am I to try to become Gandhi?’” Garfinkel persevered, and in this podcast Tami Simon speaks with him about what he discovered along the journey—and how practicing (not perfecting) six universal principles of the Mahatma can transform each one of us. 

Tune in to this highly aspirational yet very down-to-earth conversation on the poignance of the human condition and the elixir of laughter; the Tao of Gandhi; satyagraha, an insistence on and holding firm to the truth; considering “how to Gandhi” a situation you’re faced with; the notion of “good enough”; nonviolence in thought, word, and deed; the connection between words and feelings, and the step-by-step process of personal transformation; simplicity; faith as the driver of our moral compass; celibacy and making love; Gandhi’s life as his message—and making peace with his imperfections; and more.

Perry Garfinkel is a veteran journalist, editor, frequent speaker, and author of the bestselling Buddha or Bust. He has contributed to many sections of the New York Times since 1986 and has written for National Geographic magazine, the Los Angeles Times, the Huffington Post, and others. He has appeared on CNN and CBS This Morning. He is a frequent guest on WCBS-NY radio’s Health & Well-Being Report.

Author photo © Mikkel Aaland

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Perry Garfinkel: Experimenting with Becoming Gandhi

In a confessional reflection on writing his new book, Becoming Gandhi, acclaimed journalist and bestselling author Perry Garfinkel says, “It was so difficult I almost gave up twice. I thought, ‘I can’t write this book. It’s too big a subject. Who am I to try to become Gandhi?’” Garfinkel persevered, and in this podcast Tami Simon speaks with him about what he discovered along the journey—and how practicing (not perfecting) six universal principles of the Mahatma can transform each one of us. 

Tune in to this highly aspirational yet very down-to-earth conversation on the poignance of the human condition and the elixir of laughter; the Tao of Gandhi; satyagraha, an insistence on and holding firm to the truth; considering “how to Gandhi” a situation you’re faced with; the notion of “good enough”; nonviolence in thought, word, and deed; the connection between words and feelings, and the step-by-step process of personal transformation; simplicity; faith as the driver of our moral compass; celibacy and making love; Gandhi’s life as his message—and making peace with his imperfections; and more.

What does it take to “Be the change you want to see ...

Excerpted from Becoming Gandhi: My Experiment Living the Mahatma’s 6 Moral Truths in Immoral Times by Perry Garfinkel.

Let the Journey Begin

By reading this preface, you have just joined what will hopefully be the experiment of a lifetime that will change both of our lives.

Let me set the ground rules, parameters, frameworks, timelines, caveats, excuses, permissions, and other details that will help you navigate your way—if not to be Gandhi, then to become a person who leads a more ethical, principled, spiritually and morally based, truth-full life.

As you will read in chapter 1, I first thought to undertake this effort more than a decade ago. It took me another twelve years to build up the confidence, belief in my commitment, and, frankly, the funding to actually begin this arduous journey, both inner and outer, including travel to three countries plus my own US. Little did I know how much it would change me, how many miles I would travel, how many inspirational people I would meet, and how many disappointments I would encounter, both in the world and in myself.

I began to take it seriously in the summer of 2019. That was when I started finding and  contacting knowledgeable sources in each country. As a dogged reporter who prides himself in finding the email and phone number for anyone anywhere in the world, that deep dive, which necessarily required a lot of reading and googling, was a relatively easy and very enjoyable and informative exercise. You may also want to research anything additional to what I write here and experiment with your own ways to follow the six principles. I can’t speak for Gandhi, but you have my wholehearted permission and encouragement to think outside the box and off this page.

The Big Goal here was to see if, in the face of a sociocultural climate that appears bereft of moral integrity, one could follow Gandhi’s moral compass, on the one hand, and on the other, to travel to countries where he spent considerable time to see how much had changed in the years since he left them. In other words, did he leave an enduring footprint that others followed or were Gandhi’s tracks swept away and forgotten by time and human nature? In these times of questionable ethical values, of increased violence and rampant lying, I was prepared to admit such evidence might be hard to find. In fact, one too-current example of the failure of the nonviolent movement, which was one of Gandhi’s primary pillars, is occurring as I’m writing this: CNN is reporting that thirty-nine mass shootings have taken place in the United States in the first three weeks of 2023 alone, killing more than sixty people, per the Gun Violence Archives.

I knew the hard part of this goal would be living these principles day in and day out on a personal level. There would be a lot of inner work, mental adjustments, a veritable paradigmatic shift of attitude. I would have to change my mind in the most fundamental ways. Change my habits, modes of thinking, daily actions.

The ground rules were simple: try to rigorously follow the six principles on a daily basis, keeping them in mind through the day, whether hanging out with friends and family, alone in my apartment, or out there in the world. But also to give myself some slack. If I “fell off the wagon,” I would forgive myself quickly and get right back on it. The latter would happen with frequency, as you will read. But I realized very soon that once engaged in this experiment, even when I fell off, there would be no turning back. Once the veil is lifted, it’s hard not to see the world for what it is, and see yourself for who you are, who you are not, and who you aspire to be.

People started wondering how long this experiment would last and asking me when or if I would drop vegetarianism and return to eating meat as soon as it ended. I had planned to dedicate one full year to this project. It expanded to some eighteen months of strict adherence 

to all of the principles, and even some that Gandhi didn’t consider in the course of things. I admit I slacked after that but, as I said, once you know which way the compass is pointing, you can’t completely turn back; you always return to your true north. You find the balance that suits you best, or at least better than before you started.

I frame this journey and this book around the six principles. Some sources list up to eleven Gandhi principles. I chose only six; already you can call me lazy.

Truth. In practice, truth is simply telling the truth, but Gandhi meant it to mean more. He said, “God is Truth,” later changing it to “Truth is God.” He coined the term satyagraha—loosely translated as “insistence on and holding firm to truth”—as a form of nonviolent resistance. I take this on, first focusing on practicing truth in thoughts, words, and actions, with particular attention to lies I tell myself. I look at how society views truth now.

Nonviolence. Although Gandhi was not the originator of nonviolence, he was the first to apply it as a strategy to move the dial in the direction of justice, as a peaceful weapon to protest social wrongdoings. His motto: “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.” Taking it from the political to the personal, I look at how we all act out psychological violence—in passive-aggressive behaviors, in road rage, in clenched jaws, in couched (and not-so-couched) language—that sabotages our best interests. I myself am guilty: I was once a featured guest on The Phil Donahue Show, speaking about my own passive-aggressive behavior in my previous marriage.

Vegetarianism. Vegetarianism is deeply ingrained in Hindu and Jain traditions, the setting in which Gandhi was raised. In his London years as a law student, he embraced it more seriously to not only satisfy the requirements of the body and his religious beliefs but also to save money by not buying expensive meats. His book The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism, along with articles he wrote for the London Vegetarian Society’s publication, became my personal diet book. I was a meat-and-potatoes kind of kid, just like my father. I became a macrobiotic many years ago, had defaulted to meat in recent years, but an Ayurvedic diet I went on last fall convinced me I need to clean up my eating habits. Don’t we all?

Simplicity. Giving up unnecessary spending is the simple maxim Gandhi had in mind, and because this concept flies in the face of conspicuous consumers on spending sprees in shopping malls, it also has ramifications for our gluttonous nature, which thinks that more of anything automatically provides more satisfaction. But Gandhi also had a political motive in his so-called Swadeshi movement: by making their own clothes using a spinning wheel (charkha), Indians would deal an economic blow to the British establishment in India. These days consumers boycott various brands and stores to protest their company policy, a Gandhian spin. The contemporary “voluntary simplicity movement” draws directly from this Gandhian principle. I will closely examine my spending patterns and make budget slashes. Gandhi called it “reducing himself to zero.”

Faith. Gandhi meant belief in a higher power, no matter what religion. He wrote, “Mine is a broad faith which does not oppose Christians . . . not even the most fanatical Mussalman. I refuse to abuse a man for his fanatical deeds, because I try to see them from his point of view.” It’s the ability to see things from the point of view of someone from another faith that tests the faith of mankind. How are we doing with that? Not so good. The majority of wars in the world are religious wars. My challenge will be to find some balance between my practice of Buddhism, the religion of no God, and Judaism, the religion that invented the One God. I will test the boundaries of my acceptance of faiths I don’t believe in.

Celibacy. Called brahmacharya in Hindi, sexual abstinence was a spiritual path to achieving purity, according to Gandhi, who took the vow of chastity at the age of thirty-eight. Some people question whether Gandhi himself actually adhered to this, with stories and allegations he slept next to teenage girls to test his restraint. Celibacy is not for everyone. Is it for me? I will endeavor to find out, keeping copious notes on my fallings in and out. With my luck, the woman of my dreams will walk into my life and fall in love with me. What will I do . . . or, more precisely, not do?

I never intended this book to be categorized in the how-to or self help genre. I think or hope you can help yourself without my telling you how. Nonetheless, as I made my way around the world, around my mind, and finally around this book, I realized it would be helpful to at least sum up each chapter with what I learned, some tips for your (and my own) benefit. I call these end-of-chapter sections “How to Gandhi.”

With these guidelines and to-dos and with no further ado, here we go. Next stop: becoming the change.

Perry Garfinkel is a veteran journalist, editor, frequent speaker, and author of the bestselling Buddha or Bust. He has contributed to many sections of the New York Times since 1986 and has written for National Geographic magazine, AARP The Magazine, the Huffington Post, the LA Times, and others. He has appeared on CNN and CBS This Morning. He is a frequent guest on WCBS-NY radio’s Health & Well-Being Report.

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At Sounds True, we’ve spent over four decades curating one of the world’s most trusted archives of spiritual wisdom. From the voices of Eckhart Tolle, Tara Brach, Pema Chödrön, and Michael Singer, to emerging teachers reshaping the future of inner work, we share teachings that are raw, unscripted, and alive. Our courses and digital programs are not just content; they’re living transmissions that meet people where they are, offering companionship on a path that is deeply personal and profoundly sacred.

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  • Definition Clarity: The article distinguishes spirituality from religion without judgment, emphasizing personal experience and structured tradition.
  • Inclusive Pathways: Readers will gain insight into how sacred paths vary across cultures, personal choices, and evolving beliefs.
  • Supportive Resources: Sounds True offers tools, courses, and teachings to help people deepen their spiritual journey in accessible, transformative ways.

What Does It Mean To Walk A Sacred Path?

A sacred path can look different for every seeker, yet it often begins with a quiet longing for deeper meaning and connection. People step onto this path when they feel called to explore the inner landscape of the heart and the mystery that surrounds them. This exploration often leads to a richer understanding of life, truth, and the presence of the sacred:

Honoring The Many Forms Of Sacred Exploration

To begin understanding sacred paths, a person must recognize that the sacred can reveal itself through many experiences. Some find it through community and shared ritual, and others discover it through silence, nature, or personal reflection. Every expression of connection carries wisdom that shapes a seeker’s unfolding journey.

Recognizing Differences In Spiritual Beliefs

There are countless differences in spiritual beliefs across cultures and traditions, yet each carries its own doorway to meaning. These differences are not barriers; they are invitations to appreciate the diversity of human experience. When seekers approach these differences with openness, they often discover insights that deepen their personal path.

Embracing The Inner Journey As Lifelong Practice

A sacred path is less about arriving at a final truth and more about the gradual awakening that unfolds over time. The journey involves presence, compassion, and a willingness to listen inwardly. Through this gentle unfolding, the seeker recognizes the sacred not only in extraordinary moments but also in the simplicity of daily life.

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Spirituality Vs Religion: How Do We Define Each?

Understanding the nuances between spirituality vs religion helps us appreciate how people seek the sacred in different ways. Both offer meaningful frameworks for connection and awakening, yet they shape inner experience through distinct approaches. Here is how these two pathways can be understood with clarity and compassion:

Defining Religion As A Structured Pathway

Religion offers shared beliefs, communal practices, and traditions that have guided seekers for generations. It provides a framework for understanding the sacred within a collective, and it supports individuals through ritual, moral teachings, and spiritual lineage.

Understanding Spirituality As Personal Inner Practice

Spirituality is often described as a personal journey of inner discovery and presence. While it may draw from religious teachings, it is shaped by reflection, intuition, and direct experience. Many people exploring spirituality vs religion resonate with the freedom that spirituality offers, since it adapts naturally to each individual’s unfolding path.

Bridging Differences In Spiritual Beliefs With Openness

There are countless differences in spiritual beliefs, and each one reflects the diversity of the human search for meaning. These differences invite curiosity rather than separation. When seekers honor these variations with openness, they learn to listen more deeply to one another and to themselves.

Supporting The Individual Journey With Resources

For those exploring spirituality in personal ways, resources like the Spirituality at Sounds True can offer guidance and companionship. These teachings support seekers as they clarify their path and deepen their sense of connection.

Exploring Faith Traditions Across Time And Culture

Faith traditions have shaped human experience for thousands of years. From ancient rites to contemporary contemplative practices, these pathways help individuals connect with the sacred through lineage, symbolism, and ritual. Each tradition offers its own doorway into the mystery of being:

Recognizing The Wisdom In Ancient Traditions

Many seekers begin exploring faith traditions by studying ancient paths such as Buddhism, Christianity, Indigenous teachings, or Sufi mysticism. These systems carry centuries of lived wisdom and provide tested frameworks for spiritual transformation, community, and insight.

Understanding Cultural Expressions Of The Sacred

Spiritual practice is deeply influenced by geography, culture, and time. What may be sacred in one tradition can look very different in another. Honoring these differences supports a deeper understanding of sacred paths and the wide variety of ways people access the divine.

Welcoming Modern Expressions Of Spiritual Seeking

Today, people often blend elements from multiple faith traditions into their personal practice. This integrative approach reflects the evolving nature of spiritual identity. Whether rooted in tradition or emerging through personal experience, these paths reflect the changing face of spirituality vs religion.

Learning Through Modern Teachings And Courses

Sounds True offers digital programs that support this kind of integrative seeking. The Spiritual Courses collection allows seekers to engage with diverse teachings and deepen their understanding from the comfort of their own space.

Differences In Spiritual Beliefs And Personal Meaning

Each person’s relationship with the sacred is shaped by experience, upbringing, and inner resonance. While spiritual traditions offer shared language, the deeper truths we uncover are often intimate and unique. Recognizing and honoring the variety of perspectives helps us move beyond division and toward understanding:

Noticing The Spectrum Of Belief

From structured religious frameworks to unbound spiritual exploration, there are countless differences in spiritual beliefs. Some hold firm to doctrine; others follow intuition or direct experience. Each position, whether inherited or chosen, reflects a deep desire to live in alignment with truth.

Personal Meaning As The Core Of Connection

For many, the heart of the spiritual path lies in meaning-making. The sacred becomes real not just through belief, but through lived experience. People navigating spirituality vs religion often find clarity when they trust their own encounters with insight, love, and mystery.

Creating Space For Curiosity And Compassion

Understanding these differences calls us to soften our assumptions and open ourselves to learning. When we approach diverse beliefs with presence and care, we strengthen the collective field of awakening and deepen our understanding of sacred paths.

Supporting Healing And Integration

Many seekers come to spirituality during moments of personal transition, grief, or transformation. Offerings like the Spiritual Healing Courses at Sounds True help guide that process, providing tools and teachings that support emotional and spiritual integration.

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How Sounds True Supports Your Spiritual Journey

As seekers explore their own path, finding resources that reflect both depth and authenticity becomes essential. Sounds True was created to serve this exact purpose to offer teachings that honor each person’s unique experience while connecting them to timeless wisdom. Here’s how Sounds True walks beside you:

Sharing The Voices Of Visionary Teachers

For over 40 years, Sounds True has partnered with spiritual leaders such as Eckhart Tolle, Pema Chödrön, Tara Brach, and many others. These teachers bring alive the richness of exploring faith traditions from multiple perspectives, all with a commitment to presence and personal transformation.

Offering Courses That Meet You Where You Are

Whether someone is new to the path or has been walking it for decades, accessible resources matter. That’s why Sounds True emphasizes experiential learning through audio teachings, online retreats, and digital workshops, tools that support real-life application and inner growth.

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Final Thoughts

The path to the sacred is not one-size-fits-all. Whether someone finds depth through tradition or through personal discovery, both are valid, powerful, and worthy of respect. In honoring both spirituality vs religion, we open ourselves to deeper compassion, for others and for ourselves.

It is through this openness that we begin truly understanding sacred paths. Each belief system, each story, and each practice reflects a thread in the larger fabric of human longing. While our paths may look different, our destination is shared: wholeness, presence, and connection to something greater than ourselves.

As you walk your own sacred path, may you trust your inner knowing, find nourishment in your chosen practices, and remain open to the evolving journey ahead.

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Frequently Asked Questions About Spirituality And Religion

What Is The Main Difference Between Spirituality And Religion?

The main difference lies in structure and approach. Religion typically follows organized doctrines and communal practices, while spirituality is often personal, fluid, and guided by individual experience.

Can Someone Be Both Spiritual And Religious?

Yes, many people identify as both. They may follow religious traditions while also cultivating a personal spiritual practice that reflects their inner life.

Why Do Some People Leave Religion To Pursue Spirituality?

Some leave religion due to rigid doctrines, institutional experiences, or personal disconnection, and turn to spirituality for a more intuitive, direct connection to meaning.

Is Spirituality Always Non-Theistic?

No. While some spiritual paths are non-theistic, others include a belief in God or divine presence. Spirituality is flexible and may or may not involve theism.

Does Spirituality Require A Teacher Or Guide?

Not necessarily. Some individuals learn through books, inner reflection, or life experience. Others benefit from mentors, teachers, or spiritual communities.

How Do Cultural Backgrounds Influence Spirituality Vs Religion?

Cultural heritage often shapes religious upbringing, symbols, and practices. As people grow, they may evolve beyond those frameworks or integrate them into spiritual inquiry.

Are There Ethical Systems In Spirituality Like In Religion?

Yes. Many spiritual paths promote values such as compassion, integrity, mindfulness, and non-harming, even when not tied to formal commandments or doctrines.

Can Spirituality Provide Community Like Religion Does?

Spirituality can offer community through retreats, meditation groups, online platforms, or shared practices, but it often requires more active seeking than religion-based groups.

How Do Rituals Fit Into A Spiritual Practice Without Religion?

Spiritual rituals may include meditation, journaling, lighting candles, or observing nature. These acts mark intention, presence, or transition, even outside religious tradition.

Is One Path Better Than The Other, Spirituality Or Religion?

Neither is better; both paths serve different needs. What matters most is alignment, choosing the path that feels authentic, meaningful, and supportive for your growth.

Michelle Cassandra Johnson is an author, activist, spiritual teacher, racial equity consultant, and intuitive healer. She is the author of six books, including Skill in Action and Finding Refuge. Amy Burtaine is a leadership coach and racial equity trainer. With Robin DiAngelo, she is the coauthor of The Facilitator's Guide for White Affinity Groups. For more, visit https://www.michellecjohnson.com/wisdom-of-the-hive.

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